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์ต์ Cyber Security GICSP ๋ฌด๋ฃ์ํ๋ฌธ์ (Q22-Q27):
์ง๋ฌธ # 22
What mechanism could help defeat an attacker's attempt to hide evidence of his/her actions on the target system?
์ ๋ต๏ผA
์ค๋ช
๏ผ
An attacker often tries to cover their tracks by deleting or modifying logs on the compromised system to hide evidence of their activities.
Centralized logging (D) forwards log data in real-time or near real-time to a secure, remote logging server that the attacker cannot easily alter or delete. This makes it much more difficult for attackers to erase their footprints because even if local logs are tampered with, copies remain intact elsewhere.
Attack surface analysis (A) is a proactive security activity to identify vulnerabilities, not a forensic or logging mechanism.
Application allow lists (B) control what software can execute but do not directly preserve evidence of actions taken.
Sandboxing (C) isolates processes for security testing but is unrelated to preserving evidence.
The GICSP materials emphasize centralized logging and secure log management as critical controls for incident detection and forensic analysis within ICS environments.
Reference:
GICSP Official Study Guide, Domain: ICS Security Operations & Incident Response NIST SP 800-92 (Guide to Computer Security Log Management) GICSP Training on Incident Response and Logging Best Practices
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์ง๋ฌธ # 23
Implementing VLANs can provide which of the following?
์ ๋ต๏ผD
์ค๋ช
๏ผ
VLANs (Virtual LANs) allow logical segmentation of a physical network, which can be used to separate control device traffic from other network services (A), improving security and performance.
Sandboxing (B) relates to application or OS memory isolation, not VLANs.
Separation of duties for guest OSes (C) is related to virtualization, not VLANs.
Preventing access to diagnostic ports (D) requires port security or access control, not VLAN segmentation alone.
GICSP highlights VLANs as a fundamental technique for network segmentation in ICS security architectures.
Reference:
GICSP Official Study Guide, Domain: ICS Security Architecture & Design
NIST SP 800-82 Rev 2, Section 5.5 (Network Segmentation)
GICSP Training on VLANs and Network Security Controls
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์ง๋ฌธ # 24
A brewer uses a local HMI to communicate with a controller that opens a pump to move the workfrom the boil kettle to the fermentor. What level of the Purdue model would the controller be considered?
์ ๋ต๏ผB
์ค๋ช
๏ผ
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
The Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture (PERA) model, commonly used in ICS security frameworks like GICSP, segments industrial control systems into hierarchical levels that correspond to the function and control of devices:
Level 0: Physical process (sensors and actuators directly interacting with the process) Level 1: Basic control level (controllers such as PLCs or DCS controllers that execute control logic and command actuators) Level 2: Supervisory control (HMIs, SCADA supervisory systems that interface with controllers) Level 3: Operations management (Manufacturing Execution Systems, batch control, production scheduling) Level 4: Enterprise level (business systems, ERP, corporate IT) In this scenario, the controller opening the pump is a device executing control logic directly on the process, placing it at Level 1. The local HMI used to communicate with the controller is at Level 2, supervising and providing operator interface.
This classification is foundational in GICSP's ICS Fundamentals and Architecture domain, which emphasizes clear understanding of network segmentation and device role for security zoning.
Reference:
GICSP Official Study Guide, Domain: ICS Fundamentals & Architecture
Purdue Model description in IEC 62443 and NIST SP 800-82
GICSP Training materials on Purdue Model and Network Segmentation
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์ง๋ฌธ # 25
Which of the following is a containment task within the six step incident handling process?
์ ๋ต๏ผD
์ค๋ช
๏ผ
Containment in incident handling involves limiting the damage caused by an incident and preventing its spread.
Re-imaging a compromised workstation (C) is a direct containment action to remove malicious software and restore system integrity.
(A) Patch verification and (D) validation scans are part of recovery or prevention phases.
(B) Creating forensic images is an evidence preservation task, not containment.
The GICSP incident handling process emphasizes containment as an immediate action to stabilize the environment before eradication and recovery.
Reference:
GICSP Official Study Guide, Domain: ICS Security Operations & Incident Response NIST SP 800-61 Rev 2 (Computer Security Incident Handling Guide) GICSP Training on Incident Handling Lifecycle
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์ง๋ฌธ # 26
Which type of process is described below?
์ ๋ต๏ผB
์ค๋ช
๏ผ
The process described involves a defined quantity of ingredients being mixed and held for a fixed time before moving to the next step. This is a hallmark of a batch process.
Batch processes are executed in discrete lots or batches, where the process is started, controlled during the batch, and stopped or reset before the next batch.
Discrete processes (B) involve countable, separate units like assembled products.
Continuous processes (C) operate nonstop with steady conditions, common in chemical plants but not in batch brewing.
Distributed (D) refers to control architectures, not process type.
GICSP emphasizes the importance of understanding process types to tailor cybersecurity controls appropriate to their operational characteristics.
Reference:
GICSP Official Study Guide, Domain: ICS Fundamentals & Operations
ISA-88 Batch Control Standard
GICSP Training on Process Types and Control Strategies
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์ง๋ฌธ # 27
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